Now we are going to see three different models
related to safety culture.
Two of them are going to be for the nuclear industry.
And the third one is for aviation.
The first one is the International Atomic Energy Agency culture model
that defines a strong safety culture as
the assembly of characteristics and attitudes in that organization
and individuals which establish that
as an overriding priority, protection and safety should receive
the attention warranted by their significance.
And that is going to be defined in different levels.
For example, we can see that safety is a clearly recognized value.
So it's going to have the highest priority
in documentation, communications, decision making.
Because safety is a primary consideration
in the allocation of resources.
The strategic business importance of safety should be reflected
in the business plan.
Individuals are convinced that safety and production go hand in hand.
A proactive and long term approach to safety issues is shown
in all the decision making.
And a safety conscious behavior is socially accepted and supported.
Also there is going to be a strong leadership
for safety and it should be clear.
So senior management is clearly committed to safety.
Commitment to safety is evident at all levels of management.
There will be always a visible leadership showing that involvement.
Leadership skills are systematically developed.
So we can develop them to reinforce safety.
Also there should be a clear accountability for safety.
And it should have many themes, like an appropriate relationship
with the regulatory body that is going to ensure that accountability.
Roles and responsibilities should be or are clearly defined
and they should be clearly understood.
There is a high level of compliance with both regulations and procedures.
Management should delegate responsibility with appropriate authority
to enable clear accountabilities to be established.
Also safety should be integrated in all the activities.
When we are speaking of nuclear industry
or other industries where safety is important,
we should have or take into account all those themes like:
Trust should permeate the organization.
Consideration of all types of safety, including industrial safety
and environmental safety, and security is evident.
The quality of documentation and procedures should be good enough
to protect people and environment.
The quality of processes from planning and review is good, etc.
So we have a set of themes or issues that if we comply with them
everything should go well.
Also we have INPO.
INPO and WANO has a model
that has three different levels.
The first one is the individual commitment to safety.
The second one is management commitment to safety.
And finally management of systems.
So in the individual commitment to safety
we can see personal accountability,
a questioning attitude. Because we have to trust,
but we have to have also that questioning attitude.
And effective safety communications.
Management commitment to safety should include:
Leadership for safety values and actions.
Also in the decision making. And always being a respectful worker
or trying to have a respectful work environment.
And management systems will have a continuous learning.
Problem identification and resolution.
Not to work under degraded conditions.
Environment for rising concerns without being punished.
And work processes.
Finally we can see a safety culture model
for aviation that will always have teaming, learning and reporting,
as we said before, without being punished.
Communications and trust.
Responsibility, involvement, and commitment.